Which term best describes the visual impact of smooth and rough surfaces when compared?

The term that best describes the visual impact of smooth and rough surfaces when compared is contrast. Contrast in art refers to the difference between two or more elements, which can include texture, color, shape, and more. In this case, the juxtaposition of smooth and rough surfaces creates a stark difference that draws the viewer’s attention and enhances the visual experience. This interplay can evoke emotions, highlight specific areas of a work, and contribute to the overall composition by providing variety and interest. The varying textures of smooth and rough not only serve to set each other off visually but also can suggest different meanings or feelings in the context of the artwork.

In contrast to the other terms, balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a composition, harmony relates to the pleasing arrangement and consistency of elements, and unity indicates a sense of cohesion within the work. While these concepts are important in art, they do not specifically express the visual effect created by juxtaposing smooth and rough surfaces as effectively as contrast does.