Which principle focuses on the arrangement of shapes in a systematic way?

The principle that focuses on the arrangement of shapes in a systematic way is pattern. Patterns are created through the repetition of elements, such as shapes, colors, and lines, in a predictable sequence. This systematic arrangement provides visual coherence and helps to organize an artwork or design, making it more aesthetically pleasing.

Patterns can be found in various forms of art and design, from textiles to architectural elements, where the consistent repetition of specific shapes creates a rhythm or flow. This principle is not just about random repetitions; instead, it involves an intentional structure that guides the viewer’s eye and creates a sense of unity across the composition.

Other principles such as unity, variety, and emphasis do play significant roles in art as well, but they focus on different aspects. Unity refers to the overall cohesiveness of an artwork, variety introduces differences to add visual interest, and emphasis draws attention to specific elements within the piece. These principles complement patterns, but it is specifically the arrangement and systematization of shapes that is defined by the concept of pattern.