What does the term "symmetrical" refer to in art composition?

The term "symmetrical" in art composition refers specifically to balance achieved through mirror image arrangements. This means that both sides of a composition are organized in such a way that they are identical or closely matched, creating a sense of harmony and stability. Symmetrical compositions often evoke feelings of order and tranquility, which can be particularly effective in conveying messages or themes in artwork.

In symmetrical arrangements, the primary subjects, shapes, or lines are placed evenly around a central axis, allowing the viewer’s eye to travel across the piece with ease. This technique is frequently used in classical art, architecture, and design, where the intention is to create a balanced and aesthetically pleasing visual experience.

Other options describe different approaches to composition. One refers to balance using varied shapes, which indicates asymmetrical balance—not symmetrical. Another mentions random arrangements, which completely contrasts with the idea of symmetry. Lastly, the suggestion of a composition lacking focal points typically pertains to a more chaotic or disparate approach, again diverging from the notion of symmetry. All these alternatives highlight different principles of design in art rather than the specific characteristics of symmetrical composition.